![]() The true development of the latter occurred during Early Middle Ages. This trend continued during the Roman era, a time where many agricultural innovations took place, especially concerning fruticulture and possibly viticulture. Technical innovations in agricultural tools then triggered new changes in production systems, evidenced by a sharp decline in millets and a more modest rise in naked wheats. ![]() ![]() ![]() This apparently successful agriculture lasted for one millennium till the middle of the Late Iron Age (2nd century bc). Many new plants (spelt, millets, pulses…), introduced from far-off countries were cultivated, securing production, and decreasing gathering. Their descendants left few traces, but from the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age (14th century bc), human expansion quickly resumed, supported by a completely remodelled farming system. The story begins with the arrival of the early Neolithic farmers (5200 bc), introducing agriculture with the first staple crops, the hulled wheats emmer and einkorn, pea, lentil, and possibly opium poppy. The amount and strength of archaeobotanical and archaeological data available for the territory of the Plain of Troyes, in Champagne (north-eastern France), make it possible to write a local history of domestic plants. ![]()
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